• The zinc transporter proteins are members of

  2024-07-29

  

  The zinc transporter proteins are members of the SLC superfamily of metal transporters, and comprise two structurally and functionally different groups, the zinc-importer (ZIP; Zrt-, Irt-like proteins) family (SLC39A), which regulate zinc transport into the cytoplasm from outside the cell and from i

• In addition AMPK reduces protein

  2024-07-29

  

  In addition, AMPK reduces protein synthesis and stimulates apoptotic and autophagic pathways through the inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), which regulates cellular metabolic homeostasis, insulin secretion, insulin resistance, autophagy and apoptosis (Maiese, 2016). mTOR is th

• Recently Kamoshita et al evaluated a mouse model

  2024-07-29

  

  Recently, Kamoshita et al. (2016) evaluated a mouse model of retinal neuronal disturbance with the intraperitoneal injection of LPS and found that treatment with AICAR suppressed the reduction of conical function and decreased mRNA levels of TNF-α as well as improved mRNA levels of the mitochondrial

• br Conclusion br Conflicts of interest br Introduction Alzhe

  2024-07-29

  

  Conclusion Conflicts of interest Introduction Alzheimer’s disease is the most common neurodegenerative condition known to cause dementia (Ferri et al., 2005). Alzheimer’s dementia typically presents with initial recent episodic memory deficits, word finding difficulty and later with apraxia

• br Conclusion br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgments

  2024-07-29

  

  Conclusion Conflict of interest Acknowledgments We thank Nancy Kerkvliet for helpful advice. The research in the lab of CE and THS is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grants ES103/7-1 and 9-1, HA7346/2-1). We apologize to all authors whose work could not be cited due to lim

• Perhaps the discovery of this linkage has served to

  2024-07-29

  

  Perhaps the discovery of this linkage has served to catapult much of the work on ABCA1, leaving its family member in need of a relationship with a defined human pathology. In this regard, there is by now a quite mature literature that suggests that ABCA2 may have been overlooked in terms of its impo

• We found that several anticancer

  2024-07-29

  

  We found that several anticancer drugs inhibit 5-HT3 caspase 3 current in vitro. Several studies have suggested that 5-HT3 receptor antagonists have anti-mitogenic and apoptotic effects on colorectal and breast cancer cell lines (Ataee et al., 2010, Hejazi et al., 2015). Irinotecan is used frequent

• Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide PACAP is

  2024-07-29

  

  Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a member of the secretin/growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)/vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) family, with potent anti-inflammatory and potent cytoprotective properties [[6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13]]. PACAP exists as

• Even within the context of evidence based interventions for

  2024-07-29

  

  Even within the context of evidence-based interventions for tobacco screening, the science is imperfect. For example, patients who screen positive for current smoking should receive cessation counseling and prescribed known effective nicotine replacement therapy based on the Public Health Services G

• br Materials and methods br

  2024-07-29

  

  Materials and methods Results The clinical characteristics of the two selected groups are shown in Table 1. As shown in Table 1, the enzyme activity of ATX in CSF of MS patients (59.90±3.09nmol/min/ml±SEM) was significantly higher (p Discussion Numerous studies have so far shown that ATX tak

• Various cardiovascular diseases show a high occurrence of

  2024-07-29

  

  Various cardiovascular diseases show a high occurrence of autophagosomes. Whereas basal autophagy is required for the proper functioning of cardiomyocytes [82], the deletion of Atg5 gene in myocardium shows a high risk of cardiomyopathy [83]. Hamacher et al. observed that an upregulation of Bnip3, a

• Of the many different types of

  2024-07-26

  

  Of the many different types of DNA lesions, DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are amongst the most deleterious. It has been suggested that a single unrepaired DSB may be sufficient to induce cell death (Bennett et al., 1993), whereas misrepaired DSBs can result in loss of genetic information, potentia

• The accumulation of oxidized low density lipoprotein oxLDL i

  2024-07-26

  

  The accumulation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is one of the many causes of the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis (Virmani et al., 2002; Pirillo et al., 2013; Sun et al., 2016; Huang et al., 2016; Tabas, 2010). oxLDL-induced apoptosis of macrophages contributes to the forma

• The physiologic conditions and signaling mechanisms

  2024-07-26

  

  The physiologic conditions and signaling mechanisms that regulate apelin secretion and APLNR expression in malignant tissues appear to be multifactorial. Previous studies have shown that hyperplastic and neoplastic cholangiocytes secrete a variety of hormones, peptides, and growth factors that help

• The transcription factor activator protein AP is a redox sen

  2024-07-26

  

  The transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1) is a redox-sensitive transcription factor whose activity is controlled by agents that perturb intracellular thiol concentrations [10,11]. AP-1 is mainly composed of Jun, Fos, and ATF protein dimers [12,13]. AP-1 mediates the regulation of numerous

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