• siRNA construction and transfection For small interfering RN

  2022-06-27

  

  siRNA construction and transfection. For small interfering RNA (siRNA) experiments, we used Stealth™ select RNAi oligonucleotides targeted against GPR120 (Gibco/Invitrogen). The target sequence of siGPR120 used were; sense 5′-AAGUGGGUGCGAUUGACUUGGUCCA-3′ and antisense 5′-UGGACCAAGUCAAUCGCACCCACUU-3′

• br Cell origin The ontogeny

  2022-06-24

  

  Cell origin The ontogeny of astrocytes in vitro has been investigated in detail; Raff et al. (1983) characterised two types of astrocytes: type 1 being fibroblast-like in morphology and poorly labelled with a monoclonal antibody (AB25), whereas type 2 exhibited oligodendrocyte or neuron-like morp

• Epinephrine responses to hypoglycemia are probably triggered

  2022-06-24

  

  Epinephrine responses to hypoglycemia are probably triggered centrally, perhaps with input from peripheral hypoglycemia sensing [3], [4]. We observed increased epinephrine responses in GCK-MODY and I366F diabetic mice. Consistent with a role for HET0016 GCK in detecting a low blood glucose, we also

• In order to consolidate our

  2022-06-24

  

  In order to consolidate our genetic funding, we performed several in silico analysis regarding the p.R85W mutation. The high conservation of R85 residue in all species suggests that it has an important role in glucokinase function. Pathogenic effect of the p.R85W is supported by in silico prediction

• br Introduction Glucokinase GCK hexokinase IV is

  2022-06-24

  

  Introduction Glucokinase (GCK, hexokinase IV) is a monomeric enzyme that catalyzes the ATP-dependent conversion of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate, the first and rate-limiting step of glycolysis in the liver and pancreas [1,2]. GCK was first discovered in the early 1960's, and shortly thereafter i

• GIPR genes were not found in any

  2022-06-24

  

  GIPR genes were not found in any of the available bird genome as well as the genomes of several species of fish (Tables S3 and S4). The genomic neighborhoods surrounding the GIPR genes in species that have them was generally conserved (see Fig. 8), and like GLP2R, those fish that did have a Gipr gen

• In type diabetic subjects with mean baseline glycated

  2022-06-24

  

  In type-2 diabetic subjects with mean baseline glycated hemoglobin A (HbA) of 8.4%, q.d. administration of MK-0893 for 12weeks as a monotherapy resulted in dose-dependent decreases in HbA and FPG. Administration of MK-0893 q.d. at doses of 20, 40, 60, and 80mg led to observed reductions in HbA of 0.

• In patients with type diabetes glucagon receptor antagonism

  2022-06-24

  

  In patients with type 2 diabetes glucagon receptor antagonism led lowered fasting glucose however not postprandial glucose levels [9], which may reflect that glucagon may not be of particular importance for the diabetic hyperglycemia upon a meal. Current glucagon receptor antagonists have however be

• The HH Gli pathway has

  2022-06-24

  

  The HH-Gli pathway has been demonstrated to play an extensive role in skeletal development. India Hedgehog, derived from hypertrophic chondrocytes, and Parathyroid Hormone-like related Protein (PTHrP), derived from peri-articular chondrocytes, form a negative feedback loop to inhibit chondrocyte hyp

• br Neural circuits that control hunger br Ghrelin cognitive

  2022-06-24

  

  Neural circuits that control hunger Ghrelin & cognitive control of feeding Ghrelin is a 28 amino Mouse iPSC Chemical Reprogramming Cocktails Kit plus mg orexigenic peptide that stimulates food intake in rodents and patients (Andrews, 2011, Cummings, 2006, Horvath et al., 2001, Müller et al.,

• Two intermediate compounds A and B in Fig were tested

  2022-06-24

  

  Two intermediate compounds (A and B in Fig. 1) were tested for both Aβ40 and CYP3A4 inhibition activity. Potential hydrolysis of structures I and IIin vivo may produce A which is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor. Cyclopropanol group is a suspected liability, because GANT 58 B without it has a clean CYP3A4

• With rare exceptions the biological role of secretase

  2022-06-24

  

  With rare exceptions, the biological role of γ-secretase cleavage of substrates other than Notch 1 has been ignored during proof of concept preclinical repurposing studies. For example, in the GSI AD trial, many individuals noted changes in hair color, apparently due to inhibition of tyrosinase, ano

• The present data suggest that the decrease of liver

  2022-06-24

  

  The present data suggest that the decrease of liver BAs was mainly due to the decrease of hepatic BAs synthesis because the BA synthetic enzymes Cyp7a1, Cyp7b1 and Cyp8b1 were markedly reduced. The increase may also be due to the increase of hepatic BAs efflux, because the liver BA efflux transporte

• nordihydroguaiaretic acid br Introduction Farnesoid X recept

  2022-06-24

  

  Introduction Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a bile nordihydroguaiaretic acid regulated nuclear receptor highly expressed in the liver, intestine, kidney and adrenal glands in rodents.1, 2, 3, 4 FXR regulates transport proteins, the bile salt export pump (BSEP) and the organic solute transporter α

• We have expanded these studies by doing EEG

  2022-06-24

  

  We have expanded these studies by doing EEG recording in the ET-1 model. Using this technique, we demonstrated that activation of either the ETA NSC 66811 or the ETB receptor induces electrical seizures. ET-1 induced electrical seizures occurred in the presence of either the ETA receptor antagonist

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