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br Conclusion and perspectives Guanylyl cyclases are ubiquit
2022-07-01
Conclusion and perspectives Guanylyl cyclases are ubiquitous enzymes that regulate critical functions in bacteria to humans. In mammals there are seven mGCs and activators of all members have now been identified. Mutations in the genes that encode mGCs or pathologic activation of these enzymes or
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An interesting question is why RhoF has such the slow
2022-07-01
An interesting question is why RhoF has such the slow rate of GDP dissociation. The amino Vincristine sulfate mutations in a presumable GDP-binding site of RhoF had only moderate effects on the GDP dissociation (Fig. 3C), which suggests a mechanism involving the global amino acid sequence of RhoF,
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Alzheimer s disease AD is a neurodegenerative disorder and
2022-07-01
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and characterized by the presence of abnormal filamentous protein inclusions in nerve cells of the brain [2]. The neuropathological hallmarks of AD were first reported by Alois Alzheimer and date back to 1907 [3], [4]. These inclusions are for
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The physiological and pharmacological roles of GPR remain
2022-07-01
The physiological and pharmacological roles of GPR81 remain largely unclear because of several reasons. The low potency of lactate agonizing GPR81 in the millimolar range, together with its fast metabolic turnover, renders as a challenge in in vivo studies using lactate. Furthermore, there are no po
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br Endogenous and synthetic ligands of GPR
2022-07-01
Endogenous and synthetic ligands of GPR55 There are currently limited commercially available synthetic agonists and antagonists that are specific for GPR55. A large number of studies have investigated the pharmacology of GPR55 4, 23, 25, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, with contradictory findings reporte
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The manuscript provides mechanistic insights into
2022-07-01
The manuscript provides mechanistic insights into the suppression of EGFR, BCRP, PKM2, and other cancer biomarkers in response to pharmacological inhibition of GPR55 with MNF and CID (Fig. 7). Firstly, inactivation of ERK has been previously demonstrated following treatment of PANC-1 JIB-04 with MN
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The expression of heat shock proteins
2022-07-01
The expression of heat-shock proteins (HSPs) can be upregulated by viral infection, nutritional deficiency, TNF-α and oxidative stress in Triptolide [44], [45] HSPs are classified in six families (including the HSP10, HSP40, HSP60, HSP70, HSP90 and HSP100 families). HSP90 [46] for example provides a
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br Redox regulation in the brain Reactive oxygen species are
2022-07-01
Redox regulation in the brain Reactive oxygen species are generated in b-AP15 synthesis by the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which occurs on the inner mitochondrial membrane (Murphy, 2009, Jensen, 1966, Dickinson and Chang, 2011). Interestingly, although most cancer cells are thought to prima
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br Sodium glucose co transporter inhibitors SGLT i are the
2022-07-01
Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are the latest class of non-insulin glucose-lowering agents that facilitate glycaemic control by inhibiting renal glucose reabsorption, thus promoting glycosuria. Canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and empagliflozin are the three commonly used agents
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br Material and methods br Results br Discussion Accumulatin
2022-07-01
Material and methods Results Discussion Accumulating evidence suggests that the hippocampus is sensitive to noise-induced hearing loss and other forms of sensory deprivation, which deprives the hippocampus of sensory information required for its normal operations such as spatial navigation
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In this review we will highlight
2022-06-30
In this review we will highlight how the functional impact of GABA receptors activation in thalamic neurons far exceeds the traditional “shunting” effect and shapes the whole thalamic network excitability. We will show how GABA released during either tonic or burst firing of GABAergic thalamic neuro
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All of the abovementioned effects of PUFAs
2022-06-30
All of the abovementioned effects of PUFAs signal their involvement in a cellular phenotype switching phenomenon, which is increasingly recognized as a potential target for future pharmacotherapies of atherosclerosis, especially for individuals who do not respond to the classical lipid-lowering stra
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Formyl peptide receptors FPRs are a family of
2022-06-30
Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) are a family of surface-expressed, G protein-coupled receptors [7]. The three members, FPR1, FPR2 and FPR3, share significant sequence homology, but have different functional properties [7]. While FPRs are mainly expressed by innate leukocytes, they are also found on
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br Materials methods br Results FAS c AA AG and
2022-06-30
Materials & methods Results FAS c.-671AA, AG and GG genotypes and A and G Carprofen frequencies were similar in both patients with FMF and healthy control groups, and no significant difference was found (P>0.05, Table 1). The frequency of TC genotype in FASLG in the healthy controls was signi
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Over decades a deeper understanding of terpene
2022-06-30
Over decades, a deeper understanding of terpene synthases has also permitted enzyme engineering for unnatural substrate acceptance. Novel terpenoids have been successfully synthesized from substrate analogues as by-products from mechanistic investigation (Faraldos et al., 2012; Miller, Yu, & Alleman
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