• On the contrary evidence also suggests that autophagy

  2025-01-27

  

  On the contrary, evidence also suggests that autophagy plays a striking protective role in cancer cells. Highly burgeoning cancer adiponectin receptor require cellular building blocks for their metabolism and energy production. At this stage of cancer development, autophagy acts as a friend providi

• br Innate immune mechanisms that confront viral infection

  2025-01-27

  

  Innate immune mechanisms that confront viral infection Autophagy induction by virus sensing Antiviral xenophagy and virophagy The presence of viral particles within autophagosomal structures has been visualized in only rare instances. This is the case for HSV-1 when it is devoided of ICP34.

• ATP citrate lyase ACLY is a cytosolic

  2025-01-27

  

  ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the generation of acetyl-CoA from citrate [15]. Acetyl-CoA is the building block for the biosynthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol, and also serves as a substrate of the acetylation reaction of various molecules, including histones and

• ML 239 br In vivo visualization of aromatase with

  2025-01-27

  

  In vivo visualization of aromatase with positron emission tomography (PET) Positron emission tomography (PET) utilizes the high ML 239 photons formed during the annihilation of positrons to detect the changes in the amount and localization of injected radiopharmaceuticals in the living body (rece

• Among steroid saponins ginsenosides are the

  2025-01-27

  

  Among steroid saponins, ginsenosides are the active components of ginseng, a well-known chinese medicinal plant. More than hundreds of different ginsenosides have been isolated from ginseng and have shown in the past to be membrane active substances and to influence the membrane by modulating lipid

• It was deduced empirically that

  2025-01-27

  

  It was deduced empirically that the helix direction of the COOC torsion might relate to the sign of the peroxide Cotton effect. Huang reported ab initio calculation of the peroxide bond using MRDCI method and DZP basis set, but only the fragment CH3OOCH3 instead of full molecule was studied [19]. Si

• br Introduction Androgens have been shown to regulate

  2025-01-27

  

  Introduction Androgens have been shown to regulate several neural functions ranging from reproduction to mood and cognitive abilities. This property starts as early as the perinatal period, which is characterized by prenatal and postnatal surges of gonadal testosterone, and continues through pube

• For all three fluorescent dyes used the double labeled UQ

  2025-01-27

  

  For all three fluorescent dyes used, the double-labeled UQ-bodies showed higher antigen responses. A plausible mechanism for the higher quenching observed for the double-labeled UQ-bodies is the dye-dye quenching due to H-dimer formation [19] between the two dyes introduced into the Fd and L chains.

• Further validation for a role in LOX

  2025-01-27

  

  Further validation for a role in 12/15-LOX pathway in mediating adipocyte function comes from studies revealing a regulatory role of lipocalin-2 on 12/15-LOX activity. Lipocalin-2, a glycoprotein member of the lipocalin superfamily, is a novel abundant adipokine implicated in obesity-mediated inflam

• Cancer stem cells CSCs may

  2025-01-26

  

  Cancer stem cells (CSCs) may have been first identified in teratocarcinomas [11], [12], with its initial clues date back to the 19th century [13]. Kleinsmith and Pierce [12] established the immortal pluripotent teratocarcinoma lines from a single transplanted multi-potent malignant cell, strongly su

• protease activated receptor Adenosine is an endogenous nucle

  2025-01-26

  

  Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside that plays pivotal roles in different physiological and pathophysiological processes by triggering specific cell-surface receptors both in the protease activated receptor and in the periphery. The adenosine receptors (ARs) are four different subtypes of G prote

• In these experiments recordings were

  2025-01-26

  

  In these experiments, recordings were performed continuously in the homecage and during the first 5 days of training on a randomized forced alternation T-maze working memory task (Figures 1A, 1B, 3A, and 3B) (Kucewicz et al., 2011). Sleep and wake states were determined by simultaneous recording of

• Another open question is whether GABA and ACh are released

  2025-01-26

  

  Another open question is whether GABA and ACh are released from the same synaptic vesicles, or even the same presynaptic terminals. Multi-transmitter neurons may either function through co-release, in which multiple neurotransmitters are packaged into the same presynaptic terminal and are therefore

• Eicosanoids are locally acting signaling lipids

  2025-01-26

  

  Eicosanoids are locally acting signaling lipids that are produced from C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including arachidonic casein kinase (AA, C20:4), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5) and eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3) (Dennis and Norris, 2015; Funk, 2001; Stables and Gilroy, 2011). According to

• br The embryological and physiological roles of ATX ATX

  2025-01-26

  

  The embryological and physiological roles of ATX ATX is a vital enzyme that is needed for early embryological development. ATX knockout (KO) (ENPP2−/−) embryos die in utero on average at day 9.5 with vascular and neural tube defects [30], [73], [74], [75]. In these mice, malformations in the alla

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